Questions:
1.Question: In your semiconductor company, there have been several instances in the past one week where few circuits have not been accurate. You have been assigned the task of trying to determine the potential cause for the variations. You can do this using a (an):
1. Control Chart
2. Ishikawa Diagram
3. Pareto Diagram
4. Inspection
2.Question: You are managing tooling for an aircraft part. Your team tells you that they got few defective parts. When you asked them the reasons for the defect, they mentioned that it could be because of several reasons including material used, the measurement system, tolerances in the machine not being accurate or other factors. To help them better illustrate how various factors might have contributed to the defect, you will:
1. Use a control chart
2. Draw a fishbone diagram
3. Create a flowchart
4. Draw a Pareto Chart
3.Question: Quality management complements project management. It emphasises :
1. Meeting or exceeding customer expectations using additional features
2. Conformance to requirements and fitness for use
3. Decreasing total cost of ownership of the project
4. All of the above
4.Question: Your company has developed a software product - while doing beta testing for your product with a small sample of users, it was noted that the product showed defects because of following reasons:
- Non-compatibility with operating system (20%)
- Bugs in the software (22%)
- Difficulty in understanding instruction manuals (20%)
- Non-availability of desired features (15%)
- Others (23%)
To highlight the cause of problems, you could use a:
1. Flowchart
2. Quality Checklist
3. Pareto Chart
4. Histogram
5.Question: The project team has added some additional functionality which was not required as part of the project. However the customer is satisfied with the project. From a quality perspective,
1. This is high quality because it exceeded customer expectations
2. This is not acceptable quality because gold plating was done which is not advisable
3. This will mean repeat business from the same customer.
4. None of the above
6.Question: All the following are costs incurred to ensure compliance to requirements except:
1. Prevention Costs
2. Appraisal Costs
3. Quality Planning Costs
4. Warranty Costs
7.Question: Since your quality process was not up to the four sigma requirements desired by your customer, some of your products were rejected, and there is a potential that you would not get repeat business from the same customer. From a quality perspective, the costs associated with your products being rejected can also be categorized as:
1. Cost of conformance
2. Customer retention costs
3. Failure costs
4. Performance cost
8.Question: According to the 80/20 rule, 80 percent of the problems are because of 20 percent of the causes. To facilitate finding out which are the most probable defects, and to evaluate nonconformities, you do a rank ordering of the defects using:
1. Statistical Sampling
2. Control Chart
3. Pareto Diagrams
4. Inspection
9.Question: Quality planning involves identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. It is one of the key processees when doing the Planning process group and should be performed in parallel with other project planning processes.
For example, the required changes in the product to meet identified quality standards may require cost or schedule adjustments, or the desired product quality may require a detailed risk analysis of an identified problem.
In this context, all the following statements about Quality planning are accurate EXCEPT:
1. Quality planning is performed in parallel with other project planning processes.
2. While doing quality planning, you should be aware about governmental agency regulations, rules, standards and guidelines specific to the application area.
3. You can use DOE to help identify which factors may influence specific variable of a product or process under development.
4. After Quality planning, you can recommend actions to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the performing organization
10.Question: When all customer requirements for the product of the project are satisfied,
1. Customer expectations are exceeded
2. Costs may be very high
3. Quality criteria are met
4. The product will be successful in the market.
11.Question: For doing Quality Planning, you are going to use Design of Experiments to determine which factors might influence specific variables. What variable can be used in your analysis?
1. Dollars
2. Pounds
3. Weight
4. Meters
12.Question: You are the project manager responsible for understanding the customer habits for a soap being produced by your company. It is always advisable to do Statistical Sampling for this project, because testing the entire population, would have all the following problems except:
1. Provide Inaccurate Data
2. Be very Expensive
3. Take longer time
4. May require more resources to do the survey
13.Question: Quality control involves monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards. To evaluate Quality Control outputs, the project team should definitely have a working knowledge of:
1. Prevention and Inspection
2. Sampling and Probability
3. Special Causes and Random Causes
4. Tolerances and Control Limits
14.Question: All the following statements about Special Cause and common cause variations are accurate EXCEPT:
1. Special causes are also called random causes
2. Special causes refer to unusual events
3. Common cause variations are usually smaller in magnitude when compared with Special cause variations
4. Common Causes refer to Normal process variation
15.Question: You are the project manager for an automobile company. Because of change in Government regulations, the emission norms for automobile vehicles have been made stricter. As a project manager, you are concerned that your project will not satisfy the required quality standards. This could be remedied through better:
1. Quality Assurance
2. Quality Planning
3. Quality Control
4. Modifications to Quality Management Plan
16.Question: Determining and delivering the required levels of quality is the responsibility of:
1. Project Sponsor
2. Project Manager / Project Management Team
3. Project Team
4. All Stakeholders in the project
17.Question: Which of the following statements about Quality Control is not accurate?
1. Prevention refers to keeping errors out of the process, whereas inspection refers to keeping errors out of hand of the customer.
2. Variables sampling determines whether the result conforms or not, and attribute sampling determines the degree of conformity.
3. Common causes are normal process variations, but special causes refer to unusual events.
4. Tolerance determines if the result falls within acceptable range, but control limits are used to determine if the process is in control.
18.Question: In your project, you want to identify which quality standards are relevant to your project, and determine how to satisfy them. For this, you will do:
1. Quality Assurance
2. Quality Planning
3. Quality Control
4. Quality Management
19.Question: After Quality Planning, you created an item-specific tool to verify that a set of steps definitely get followed while testing your product. This can also be referred to as a:
1. Checklist
2. Operational Definition
3. Quality Management Plan
4. Design of Experiment
20.Question: In your project, you have collected information from the project management plan about the planned or expected results along with the information about the actual results and implemented change requests. This will be a valuable input for Quality control process and should be included as part of:
1. Work Performance information
2. Organizational Process Assets
3. Quality Management Plan
4. Quality Metrics
21.Question: After Project Control, Organizational Process Assets are updated. Wherever checklists are used, the completed checlists should become part of the
1. Project`s records
2. Project files
3. Project Quality Management plan
4. Lessons Learned documentation
22.Question: All the following are tools and techniques for Quality Planning except:
1. Cost-benefit analysis
2. Quality checklists
3. Cost of Quality
4. Additional quality planning tools
23.Question: As a project manager, you are aware that quality has costs associated with it. Cost of quality is (select best answer)
1. Cost in appraising product or service
2. Cost of rework
3. Costs incurred by investment in preventing noncorformance to requirements
4. All of the above
24.Question: When your completed product was provided to the customer for approval, he was not satisfied with the product`s quality. From a quality perspective, the cost of poor quality can also be referred to as:
1. Cost of non-conformance
2. Failure cost
3. Rework cost
4. None of the above
25.Question: Quality control involves monitoring project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards. Which of the following is an output from Quality control?
1. Quality Control Measurements
2. Quality Management Plan
3. Quality Baseline
4. Quality Planning tools and techniques
ANSWERS:
1. Ans: 1
Justification: A control chart`s purpose is to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. Control charts may serve as a data gathering tool to show when a process is subject to special cause variation, which creates an out-of-control condition.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 192
2. Ans: 2
Justification: Cause and effect diagrams, also referred to as Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams illustrate how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects. (Please Refer to Figure 8-6)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 192
3. Ans: 2
Justification: Modern Quality Management complements Project Management.... This requires a combination of conformance to requirements(the project must produce what it said it would produce) and fitness for use (the product or service produced must satisfy real needs)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 181
comments: Option 1 talks about "exceeding customer expectations by providing additional features" - this is gold plating and not recommended by PMI
4. Ans: 4
Justification: A histogram is a bar chart showing a distribution of variables. Each column represents an attribute or characteristic of a problem/situation. The height of each column represents a relative frequency of the characteristic. This tool helps identify the cause of problems in a process by the shape and width of the distribution.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 194
5. Ans: 2
Justification: Customer Satisfaction requires a combination of conformance to requirements (i.e. the project would produce what it said it would produce)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 191
comments: PMI believes that providing more functionality (gold plating) is not a good practice - even if it satisfies the customer
6. Ans:4
Justification: Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality control and quality assurance to ensure compliance to requirements
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 356
7. Ans: 3
Justification: Failure costs(cost of non-conformance) include costs to rework products, components, or processes that are non-compliant, costs of warranty, waste and rework and loss of reputation.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 356
8. Ans:3
Justification: A Pareto chart is a specific type of histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, which shows how many defects were generated by type or category of identified cause (Figure 8-9). The Pareto technique is used primarily to identify and evaluate non-conformities.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 195
9. Ans: 4
Justification:
- Option 1 : This is mentioned in the question and is correct
- Option 2 : These refer to Enterprise Environmental factors which are inputs to the Quality Planning process
- Option 3 : Design of Experiments is a tool for Quality Planning
- Option 4 : This refers to "Recommended Corrective Action" which is an output from the Quality Assurance process and not Quality Planning process
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 190
10. Ans: 3
Justification: Option 3: Quality Management includes customer satisfaction (i.e. understanding, evaluating, defining and managing expectations so that customer expectations are met).
If customer requirements are satisfied,
* It is not necessary that customer expectations are exceeded
* It does not necessarily mean high costs
* Product may still fail in the market (because other than quality, there are factors like market expectations, marketing, competitor products etc. which may determine whether the product succeeds or fails
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 181
11. Ans: 3
Justification: Weight in the only variable here. All the others are measures.
12. Ans: 1
Justification: Testing the full population will not provide inaccurate data - the data would be very accurate if the whole population is tested
13. Ans: 2
Justification: The project management team must have a working knowledge of statistical quality control, especially sampling and probability, to help it evaluate quality control outputs.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 190
14. Ans: 1
Justification: Special causes(unusual events) and common causes (normal process variation). Common causes are also called random causes.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 191
15. Ans: 1
Justification: Quality Assurance (QA) is the application of planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project will employ all processes needed to meet requirements.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 187
16. Ans: 2
Justification: The project manager and the project management team are responsible for determining and delivering the required levels of both quality and grade.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 180
17. Ans: 2
Justification: Attribute sampling (the result conforms, or it does not) and variables sampling (the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 191
18. Ans: 2
Justification: Quality Planning involves identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 183
19. Ans: 1
Justification: A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 187
20. Ans: 1
Justification: Work performance information including technical performance measures, project deliverables completion status, and the implementation of required corrective actions are important inputs to QC. Information from the project management plan about the planned or expected results should be available along with information about the actual results and implemented change requests.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 191
21. Ans: 1
Justification: When checklists are used (as output of Quality Control Process), the completed checklists should become part of the project`s records.
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 197
22. Ans: 2
Justification: Refer Figure 8-3
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 184
23. Ans: 4
Justification: Quality costs are the total costs incurred by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements (rework)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 186
24. Ans: 2
Justification: Failure costs are also called cost of poor quality
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 186
25. Ans: 1
Justification: Figure 8-5
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 191
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